1984 Allusions & Cultural References

Literature, Philosophy, and Mythology

• William Shakespeare (1.3.6, 1.5.30)
• Geoffrey Chaucer (1.5.30)
• John Milton (1.5.30)
• George Gordon Byron (1.5.30)
• Descartes (indirectly…): "’I think I exist,’ he said wearily. 'I am conscious of my own identity…'" (3.2.40-41, Winston)

Historical Figures

• Julius Caesar (1.4.28)
• Charlemagne (1.4.28)

Pop Culture

• The Times (1.3.9, 1.3.10, 1.3.19, 1.7.15, 3.6.5)