The Chimney Sweeper (Songs of Innocence) Theme of Suffering

Chimney-sweeping was a dangerous job, and there was little joy and a lot of suffering for the children involved. Blake talks about how Tom's head was shaved (which made him cry). All the sweepers in the dream are "locked up" in coffins, the speaker was sold by his father, and the only place the children get to play and be children is in Tom's dream. Yep, there's lots of suffering in "The Chimney Sweeper." The sad thing is it's the children who bear the brunt of it, and there's no end in sight.

1. Are the children in Blake's poem aware of how bad they have it? Do they understand their own suffering?
2. In the poem, who's to blame for these kids' suffering?
3. Is the boys' suffering mental? Physical? Emotional? Some combination of all three?

The poem argues that resurrection and rebirth can only happen after one has suffered. The children can only wash themselves and rise on clouds after they've been locked up and covered in soot.

The suffering in this poem is a result of society's cruel indifference, as represented by the angel's lesson: do your duty and it'll all be fine. Shmoop's left foot.