PEOPLE

Jane Addams

. Progressive reformer, founder of Hull House, 1889

. Brought settlement house movement to America

. Won Nobel Peace Prize, 1911

. Promoted immigrant welfare through social service

Carrie Chapman Catt

. President of National American Woman Suffrage Association

. Led NASWA during final push for right to vote

. Reorganized NAWSA into League of Woman Voters after vote achieved

Carry A. Nation

. Radical Kansan temperance activist

. Promoted violent attacks on saloons, became nationwide celebrity

Alice Paul

. Suffragette, founder of National Woman's Party

. One of most radical figures in second-wave feminism

. Helped win ratification of Nineteenth amendment

. Drafted Equal Rights Amendment

William Marcy "Boss" Tweed

. Boss of New York City's Tammany Hall political machine

. Ran "Tweed Ring" of associates, which embezzled between $20 and $200 million

. Arrested in 1871, escaped to Cuba and then Spain before being hunted down by US agents

Lincoln Steffens

. Muckraking author of The Shame of the Cities

. Countered notion that immigrants were corrupting government

. Eventually embraced socialism

Upton Sinclair

. Muckraking novelist, author of The Jungle, 1906

. Intended book to spread socialist message about mistreatment of workers in Chicago' meatpacking industry

. Readers instead horrified by mistreatment of meat

Frances Willard

. Leader of Woman's Christian Temperance Union

. Made temperance organization strong supporter of female suffrage

EVENTS

1871 Tweed Ring Ousted

. New York's Tammany Hall political machine lost power after exposure of criminal corruption of Boss Tweed and associates

. Samuel J. Tilden (later to lose presidency to Rutherford B. Hayes) led accountability drive in New York

. Thomas Nast drew famous cartoons ridiculing Tweed and his supporters

. Anti-corruption "Committee of 70" ran for office in New York City, won and replaced most Tweed associates

1882 Chinese Exclusion Act

. Immigration from China banned for ten years on racial and economic grounds

. Immigration Act of 1882 also passed in same year, barring criminals, "idiots," lunatics, and people "likely to become a public charge" from entering U.S.

1889 Establishment of Hull House

. Founded by Jane Addams and Helen Gates Starr

. Settlement house based on British model; served poor immigrant community of Chicago

. Became model for Progressive social service, emulated in other American cities

1890 Woman Suffrage in Wyoming

. Wyoming gained statehood, continued pre-statehood practice of allowing women to vote

. First state to allow women to vote

. Ten more states granted women the vote by 1914

1901 Galveston Model

. Replaced elected government of Texas city with professional municipal directors in wake of hurricane disaster

. Beginning of "expert" model of city governance; attempted to limit corruption, run city like business

. Spread to many cities across nation

1919 Eighteenth Amendment

. Began nationwide Prohibition of alcohol

1920 Nineteenth Amendment

. Granted women the right to vote

1921 Emergency Quota Act

. Established strict quotas for numbers of immigrants allowed to enter U.S., based on national origin

. Total number of immigrants allowed to enter each year from any country limited to 3% of number of previously naturalized residents from that country present in US in 1890

. Discriminated against "new" immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe

1924 National Origins Act

. Updated and tightened quota system of 1921 immigration act

. Effectively ended largest immigration wave in American history

GROUPS

Woman's Christian Temperance Union

. Large political advocacy group headed by Frances Willard

. Advocated temperance first, woman suffrage to that end

. Also demanded prison reform, better public health, other Progressive causes

National Woman's Party

. Political party led by Alice Paul; advocated militantly for female suffrage

. Orchestrated first picket line at White House

National American Woman Suffrage Association

. Political advocacy group organized to pursue the vote for women

. Took pains to maintain moderate reputation to appeal to male electorate

Progressives

. Slippery term, difficult to define

. Generally middle class reformers

. Promoted active change in society, often using tools of government

. Incorporated members of both political parties

CONCEPTS

Settlement House

. Social service organization that aimed to help poor and immigrants

. Often staffed by idealistic middle class reformers, especially women

. First example in America was Chicago's Hull House, founded by Jane Addams

. Provided free services and classes along with cultural programs

Tammany Hall

. Democratic political machine based in New York City

. Staffed predominantly by Irishmen

. Guaranteed Democratic control of city politics for decades

. Infamously corrupt

Social Gospel

. A socially conscious interpretation of the Bible, focused less on individual responsibility and salvation than on social service

. Very influential among many Progressives, including Jane Addams

Muckrakers

. Investigative journalists

. Term coined by Teddy Roosevelt

. Attempted to bring foul conditions of American industrial society to light

. Tended toward sensationalistic exposés; rarely promoted specific solutions

PLACES

Hull House, Chicago, Illinois

. First settlement house in U.S.; founded by Jane Addams

. Offered wide variety of social services to poor immigrants, especially women

. Housed in old mansion

Galveston, Texas

. Site of devastating 1901 hurricane, the deadliest hurricane in American history

. In wake of disaster, city government reorganized to be run by non-political professional experts to more efficiently lead recovery

. This "Galveston Model" became a popular form of Progressive government nationwide

Tammany Hall, New York City

. Headquarters of New York Democratic Party political machine

. Maintained power by providing patronage to loyal mostly-Irish voters

. Became a symbol of corruption

. Hated by Progressives