An accumulation unit is a rite of passage in the world of fancy shmancy life insurance. As you pay money in to a life insurance policy, you are 'accumulating' value in it (duh). But that accumulation is usually broken into distinct sub sections either by time, money, or both or other elements - that is, a unit might be described as a hundred grand; or first 6 months. The "unit"-ness of that accumulation makes for a discrete start and stop point in defining what value is there, should you one day mange le dust.