Adding & Subtracting Fractions

Adding and subtracting fractions can be time-consuming because it often involves a few extra steps. This is a really important and commonly-used skill, though. So let's get to it.

Here is .

There is a total of 4 blue fourths, which combine to make 1 whole, so .

Here is .

Now there is a total of 7 blue fifths, which combine to make 1 whole and 2 fifths, so .

The most important thing to remember when adding or subtracting fractions is that we must have a common denominator. 

When the denominators are the same, all you have to do is add or subtract the numerators and keep the denominator the same. 

Examples with common denominators

Example 1
	Add the numerators
	Change into an improper fraction
	Simplify
	Change to a mixed number
Example 2
	Subtract the numerators
	Reduce the fraction

Adding or Subtracting Fractions with Different Denominators

Try adding using pictures.

This can be a little tricky at first, but once you get the hang of it, it’s a breeze.

To add two fractions with different denominators, we need to convert one or both fractions so they have matching - or common - denominators.

1. Use the Least Common Multiple of the denominators and use it as your common denominator. 
   • Or, if you can't easily find the LCM, just multiply the denominators together. This will usually create a little more work, as you'll have to reduce the fraction later. The LCM is your best bet, but both will lead you to a correct answer.
2. Once the original fractions are converted to two fractions with common denominators, just add the numerators and keep the denominator.

Look Out: when adding fractions, don't fall into the trap of mistakenly adding the denominators together. Here's a quick way to remember: we all know that two halves make one whole. If we made the mistake of adding denominators, we would get ½ + ½ = 2/4 = ½, which is obviously wrong.