Utility (Invention) patents awarded by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in 1865: 6,099
Utility (Invention) patents awarded by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in 1880: 12,926
Utility (Invention) patents awarded by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office in 1900: 24,656
Patents held by Thomas Edison: 1,093
Startup capital used to found Montgomery Ward & Co. mail order retailer in 1872: $1,600
Annual sales for Montgomery Ward & Co. in 1888: $1 million2
American telephone subscribers in 1880: 48,000
American telephone subscribers in 1900: 800,0003
Global ranking of U.S. manufacturing output in 1870: 4th
Global ranking of US manufacturing output in 1900: 1st
Portion of Americans living in cities in 1870: 25%
Portion of Americans living in cities in 1900: 40%
Total US population in 1890: 63 million
Urban population: 22 million