While most the narrator's difficulties throughout the novel are associated with his race, Invisible Man is a novel aimed at transcending race and all the other ways humanity has used to categorize people. For a long time, the narrator's identity is defined by his race, leading to his invisibility.
Invisible Man defines race as simply one of many other categories that prevents people from truly interacting.
Rather than seeing any particular ideology as securing black progress, Invisible Man argues that only by seeing one another as individuals (instead of as part of a racial collective) can everyone improve their positions in life.