The world in Native Son is divided between those who have power (whites) and those who do not (blacks). Power is intimately connected to race. However, it is also connected to wealth, as we see clearly with the Capitalist vs. Communist fight played out in the courthouse and in society at large. So who rules the roost? Wealthy whites, of course. Much of this novel highlights the injustice of power being wielded by this single, privileged group.
The white characters in the book, like the Daltons, are ignorant about the power they possess.