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AP U.S. Government 2.3 Institutions of National Government. In what case did the Supreme Court first rule a state action unconstitutional, thereby strengthening its power of judicial review?

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00:00

Thank you We sneak and here's your shmoop du jour

00:05

brought to you by judicial review the all night study

00:09

sash for first year law students In what case did

00:12

the supreme court first rule a state action unconstitutional thereby

00:17

strengthening its power of judicial review and hear the potential

00:21

answers Okay here we go Well the constitution's framers laid

00:27

down some pretty strict rules for setting up parts of

00:30

the new government But when it came to the judicial

00:32

branch they courted a less specific approach Not only did

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the framers leave it to congress to set up most

00:39

of the court system they also gave those courts permission

00:41

to set many of their own powers including judicial review

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the ability to strike down laws they believe to be

00:49

unconstitutional Did the supreme court first rule a state action

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unconstitutional in a marbury versus madison Well marbury v madison

00:59

was all about appointments No not the doctor kind but

01:02

rather judicial appointments All right Well long story short John

01:05

adams wanted to appoint a bunch of federalist judges to

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the court as a sort of screw you to thomas

01:12

jefferson the democratic republican who would soon be assuming the

01:15

presidency But jefferson caught onto adam's court packing plan so

01:19

he and secretary of state james madison refused to deliver

01:23

marbury His official appointment papers Even the case got its

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name Yeah well marbury got in a tizzy about the

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whole thing and went to the supreme court hoping for

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a favorable ruling from fellow federalist and now chief justice

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john marshall Well marshall had other plans He ruled that

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parts of the judiciary act of seventeen eighty nine a

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law passed by congress giving the supreme court the ability

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toe weigh in on cases like marbury's were actually unconstitutional

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The marbury v madison was in fact a landmark case

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for judicial review But at the national level not the

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state Did the supreme court first find a state action

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unconscious stick to sh inal in be little v bar

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eam wel l v b was all about a little

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misunderstanding You see congress passed a law that said that

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navy could seize any vote that was sailing to a

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french port Since we were in a quiz i war

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with france at the time No really that's what It

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was called Go look it up President john adams didn't

02:21

think that law was strong enough So he ordered the

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navy to seize ships sailing to and from any french

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port That's How Captain little got swept up into the

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sea change of judicial affairs He was sailing from a

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french port and his appeal the supreme court led to

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adam's Being found in the wrong sensing a pattern here

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So little veba dream was the first time the supreme

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court held an executive action not a state action to

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be unconstitutional All right well did the supreme court first

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exercise judicial review against the state law Indeed gibbons v

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ogden i will gibbons and ogden were two folks bickering

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over who held the rights to operate a steamboat between

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new jersey and new york city Sounds little wishy washy

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tow us Ogden held the license for the route that

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was issued by the state of new york Gibbons obtained

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his license from the u s congress Well the supreme

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court ruled in favor of gibbons saying that the u

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s had authority over the states when it came to

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regulating commerce between two states but that's more about federal

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supremacy over states not a specific state law Yeah it's

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kind of tricky What about ian mccullough Free maryland Essentially

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the state of maryland tried to mess with a branch

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of the u s national bank by imposing a tax

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on any bank that wasn't chartered in maryland What kind

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of funny money businesses that well even though the constitution

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doesn't give congress the express clear power to establish a

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bang It does give congress the power to tax and

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spend and what we need to tax and spend Well

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well bank on uh a bank for that The constitution

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also states that federal laws have supremacy over state laws

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So the supreme court ruled that this particular state act

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was not an act of kindness But this case was

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more about increasing congress implied powers than overruling a state

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law which means that the supreme court first ruled a

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state action unconstitutional in see fletcher be peck fletcher be

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peck had to do with a not so peachy land

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transaction way down in georgia in seventeen ninety five the

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state of georgia sold a bunch of territory under the

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yazoo land act Later on though it was revealed that

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lawmakers passed the yazoo land act in exchange for bribes

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So the new legislature decided to repeal the law in

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void all the contracts of people who had purchased land

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in the transaction Now fletcher bought a tract of land

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from pac The peck had gotten through the seventeen ninety

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five act But once the law was repealed both of

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them landed in oil Quite a pickle The supreme court's

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ruled in the eighteen ten case that the act of

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georgia lawmakers to repeal the yazoo land act was unconstitutional

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It voided the sanctity of a sale guaranteed under the

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contract clause of the constitution O c Is that contractually

05:03

correct answer with all these cases john marshall firmly established

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the supreme court's power of judicial review ensuring that justice 00:05:10.514 --> [endTime] would be served at any level

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