World War II

¹ For more information, see Jay Winter, Sites of Memory, Sites of Mourning: The Great War in European Cultural History (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1995).

² Hadley Cantril, "America Faces the War: A Study in Public Opinion," The Public Opinion Quarterly 4:3 (Sept. 1940), 390.

³ "American Institute of Public Opinion—Surveys, 1935-38," The Public Opinion Quarterly 2:3 (July 1938), 388.

⁴ "American Institute of Public Opinion—Surveys, 1938-39," The Public Opinion Quarterly 3:4 (Oct. 1939), 599.

⁵ "American Institute of Public Opinion—Surveys, 1938-39," The Public Opinion Quarterly 3:4 (Oct. 1939), 598.

⁶ "American Institute of Public Opinion—Surveys, 1938-39," The Public Opinion Quarterly 3:4 (Oct. 1939), 600.

⁷ Franklin D. Roosevelt quoted in Leon F. Litwack and Winthrop D. Jordan, The United States: Becoming a World Power, Vol. II (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991), 703-704.

⁸ Leon F. Litwack and Winthrop D. Jordan, The United States: Becoming a World Power, Vol. II (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991), 717.

⁹ Ernie Pyle quoted in Leon F. Litwack and Winthrop D. Jordan, The United States: Becoming a World Power, Vol. II (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991), 717.

¹⁰ Allied leaders quoted in Leon F. Litwack and Winthrop D. Jordan, The United States: Becoming a World Power, Vol. II (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991), 723.

¹¹ Eric Foner, Give Me Liberty: An American History, Vol. 2 (New York: W.W. Nnorton & Co., 2006), 772.

¹² General Hackett quoted in Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 272.

¹³ For a more detailed discussion of "bright ideas," see Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 24-25.

¹⁴ For more, see Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 21.

¹⁵ Japanese reporter quoted in Pete Takeda, An Eye at the Top of the World: The Terrifying Legacy of the Cold War's Most Daring CIA Operation (New York: Thunder Mouth's Press, 2006), 74.

¹⁶ Leon F. Litwack and Winthrop D. Jordan, The United States: Becoming a World Power, Vol. II (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991), 724.

¹⁷ Black sharecropper quoted in Leon F. Litwack and Winthrop D. Jordan, The United States: Becoming a World Power, Vol. II (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991), 708.

¹⁸ Black press quoted in Leon F. Litwack and Winthrop D. Jordan, The United States: Becoming a World Power, Vol. II (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991), 708.

¹⁹ Dizzy Gillespie quoted in Robin D. G. Kelley, "The Riddle of the Zoot: Malcolm Little and Black Cultural Politics during World War II," in Joe Autin and Michael Nevin Willard, eds., Generations of Youth: Youth Cultures and History in Twentieth-Century America (New York: New York University Press, 1989), 144.

²⁰ Joe Louis quoted in Leon F. Litwack and Winthrop D. Jordan, The United States: Becoming a World Power, Vol. II (New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1991), 708.

²¹ Ezekiel "Easy" Rawlins in Walter Mosley, Devil in a Blue Dress (New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1990), 9.

²² E.B. "Sledgehammer" Sledge quoted in Studs Terkel, The Good War: An Oral History of World War II (New York: The New Press, 1984), 60.

²³ A U.S. military drill instructor quoted in Studs Terkel, The Good War: An Oral History of World War II (New York: The New Press, 1984), 62.

²⁴ E.B. Sledge quoted in Studs Terkel, The Good War: An Oral History of World War II (New York: The New Press, 1984), 61.

²⁵ E.B. Sledge quoted in Studs Terkel, The Good War: An Oral History of World War II (New York: The New Press, 1984), 61, 64.

²⁶ Paul Fussell, Wartime: Understanding and Behavior in the Second World War (New York: Oxford University Press, 1989), 119.

²⁷ Historical Statistics of the United States: Millennial Edition, ed. Susan Carter, Scott Sigmund Gartner, Michael Haines, Alan Olmsted, Richard Sutch and Gavin Wright (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), http://hsus.cambridge.org/, accessed 5 January 2009.

²⁸ United States Census Bureau, Census 2000, http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html, accessed 7 January 2009.

²⁹ United States Census Bureau, Census 2000, http://www.census.gov/main/www/cen2000.html, accessed 7 January 2009.

³⁰ Statistics found in the The United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, http://www.ushmm.com, accessed 9 January 2009.

³¹ "Minority Groups in World War II," from Selective Service and Victory: The 4th Report of the Director of Selective Service (Washington: Government Printing Office, 1948), 187-190, archived at the Center for Military History, Department of the Army, 3 October 2003, http://www.history.army.mil/documents/wwii/minst.htm, accessed 9 January 2009.

³² "A Chronology of African American Military Service From WWI through WWII: Part II," Integration of the Armed Forces, Redstone Arsenal Historical Information, Redstone Arsenal, AL, http://www.garrison.redstone.army.mil/, accessed 9 January 2009.