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U.S. History 1877-Present 8.6b: FDR and The New Deal 20 Views
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Description:
TL;DR: We were in a hurry and the bills were pretty long, so Congress didn't read them.
Transcript
- 00:04
President Roosevelt called Congress into special session on march
- 00:08
9th 1933 determined to put his plan of bold persistent experimentation into [Roosevelt calling congress to put forward a plan]
- 00:15
action what ensued was called the hundred days and it gave Congress a
- 00:21
serious workout by stirring up a flurry of legislation never before seen in the [Man with congress logo over his face working out]
- 00:25
US well on the very first day of the special session Congress passed
Full Transcript
- 00:29
Roosevelt's bill to stabilize the country's failing banking system see in [Emergency banking act stamped]
- 00:33
his first days of office FDR had had to declare a nationwide bank holidays this [Newspapers headline for 4-day bank holiday]
- 00:39
didn't mean that all bankers went skiing though some probably did what it did mean was
- 00:44
that every bank in the country shut down which put a stop to a devastating run of [A closed bank store]
- 00:48
bank failures then the house passed Roosevelt banking bill unanimously after
- 00:53
just 38 minutes of debate without even seeing the text of the legislation it's a
- 00:57
shame Roosevelt didn't sneak in something fun like dubbing his cat the [Cat dressed in a suit]
- 01:01
Secretary of the Interior all right representative Robert Loose captured the
- 01:05
mood saying this is a case where judgment must be waived where argument [Robert Loose giving a speech]
- 01:10
must be silenced where we should take matters without criticism lest we may do
- 01:15
harm by delay so his reasoning amounted to well reading takes too long this was
- 01:21
far from the first or last time the bill was passed without being read as
- 01:24
terrifying as that might sound the Senate the self-proclaimed world's [People discussing matters in the senate]
- 01:28
greatest deliberative body took a few hours longer but still pass the bill by
- 01:33
a vote of 73 to 7 later that evening Roosevelt signed the bill into law less [Roosevelt signing a bill]
- 01:38
than eight hours after he sent it up to Capitol Hill on March twelfth Roosevelt
- 01:42
went on the radio for the first of his fireside chats in which he confidently [Roosevelt speaking on the radio]
- 01:46
reassured the American people that their banks were once again safe when the bank
- 01:51
holiday ended customers across country deposited more money than they withdrew [Customer depositing money into a bank]
- 01:55
and the banking crisis ended kind of sobering that that's all it
- 01:59
takes to both destabilize can restabilize a bank. Anyway after this
- 02:03
first success Roosevelt in Congress went bill crazy passing a ton of new [List of bills passed by Roosevelt]
- 02:08
legislation that made up the New Deal some of the highlights included the
- 02:11
creation of work programs like the WPA and the CCC
- 02:15
which put unemployed Americans to work in all kinds of projects from building [Americans working different public sector jobs]
- 02:18
airports in national parks to writing poems and plays yeah poets and
- 02:23
playwrights needed to eat too people then there was the homeowners loan
- 02:27
corporation yeah which helped homeowners refinance their mortgages so that they
- 02:32
didn't lose their homes and there was also the Federal Emergency Relief
- 02:36
Administration that sent cashed the states to help citizens who were hurting [USA with a band-aid stuck on]
- 02:40
the most no the list seriously goes on and on like about how the glass-steagall
- 02:44
Banking Act created a firewall between investment banking and commercial [A firewall between the Glass-Steagall Banking Act]
- 02:48
banking there was also the Agricultural Adjustment Act which subsidized price
- 02:52
supports for farmers and took the u.s. off the gold standard as if that wasn't
- 02:56
enough FDR in Congress also slashed government spending by cutting half a [Government spending with slash marks through]
- 03:00
billion dollars a lot of money in those days in scheduled payments to veterans
- 03:04
and federal employees oh and about a week after that they ended prohibition by
- 03:09
legalizing the sale of beer and wine when a few old line dry senators [Legalization of beer and wine on the front of a newspaper]
- 03:13
bought save prohibition via filibuster impatient House members invaded the
- 03:18
Senate chamber chanting vote vote we want beer while Capitol Hill did [Man walks into the Senate and shouts Vote, Vote!]
- 03:22
momentarily feel like a frat house neither the Democrats nor the
- 03:26
Republicans rechristened themselves as a party hearty
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