After-Tax Return On Sales
  
Another way of saying "earnings," more or less.
In this context, the term is focusing on profitability and/or profit margins…i.e. the ability to turn a dollar of revenue into however many cents after everything, including taxes.
Return on sales divides a company's level of profit by its total sales figure. The result is a percent. The higher the percent, the higher level of profitability the company is producing.
The calculation is simply after-tax income and sales in the denominator.