Assignment of Trade (AOT)
In general, the term "assignment of trade" refers to a process where someone in a forward contract (meaning a deal that is set to take place at some point in a future) makes a separate side deal with to assign their part of the agreement to a third party. Remember the game of telephone as a kid? You know, the one where you whisper something to the person next to you and they repeat what they heard to the person next to them and on down the line until "I like your shoes" becomes "Eye lines in York are a snooze."
Assignment of trade is basically the transactional equivalent of telephone (only hopefully nothing gets degraded along the way - you're just passing the deal along to the next person).
The term has its most notable relevance in the market for mortgage-backed securities. An MBS is a tradable asset similar to bonds that derive their income from revenue from home loans. Some mortgage-backed securities are traded on what is called the "to be announced," or TBA, market. This sounds like something a bad business school student would make up after forgetting to do their homework, but it's a real thing in the MBS world.
Individual mortgages differ in a lot of ways. The size or quality of the home, the location, the credit histories of the people who own the house, etc. In the TBA market, companies take pains to make sure the mortgages are as similar as possible, to the extent that they are virtually interchangeable.
Because of this, the exact nature of a particular mortgage becomes irrelevant - any particular mortgage within a certain type is as good as another. Thus, companies trade in the market without having to know specifics of the mortgage pool they are trading - the details are literally TBA.
In this context, companies are able to move pretty fast and can use the assignment of trade technique. By making a deal and immediately assigning the assets to a third party, a company seeks to fine-tune the timing of the transaction. This way, the firm can maximize its return while minimizing its risk. When using this strategy, the company at the center of the trade doesn't want to hold the MBS for any length of time. Instead, it creates a situation where it moves the securities onto a third party, lowering its risk and optimizing its return.
Related or Semi-related Video
Finance: What is a Merchant Account?4 Views
Finance allah shmoop What is a merchant account All right
You sell earrings at the mall hearings for years and
you know other regions private ones You're a merchant You
take credit cards visa amex mastercard A customer pays for
her ear ring with a visa card charge for three
hundred bucks Alright Well where does that money go How
does it get there Well because you pierce on earth
have a merchant account you take her little mag strip
thing Me on her card with all our information has
everything on it like her name bank number address phone
a whole bunch of other codes on it You swipe
it in your little reader and voila Three hundred boxes
taken from her account with visa taking about five bucks
of this transaction for the pleasure or pain of doing
it And then visa room it's two hundred ninety five
dollars into your bank of america merchant account that's How
you got paid So who gets a merchant account Do
you need a fundamental genetic resistance teo Kryptonite to be
granted such lofty status No not at all Generally speaking
all you need is a few grand in a basic
bank account Reasonable credit scores like above six hundred ish
And you have to be willing to fork over some
minimum initial amount as well as minimum monthly amount So
it's still worth it for the credit card companies and
banks to continue to be in business with you like
there's A basic monthly fee for most of them Well
how do you lose your merchant account status Well you
offer lousy product to your customers who demand their money
back through charge cards in what's called a charged back
like they dispute the charge and make the credit card
company go after you for the refund And that then
violates some minimum few percent floor from a credit card
taking perspective and well then visa mastercard amex will They
could just stop issuing you a credit taken stopped taking
customers cards from you and then you have to only
take cash You're screwed But as long as you follow
the rules pay your bills and continue to attract creative
people who want piercings in you know interesting places like
the mall Then you'll remain in business for a long
as you want more or less and well so that's
It You're one of the few the proud the merchants
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