Poverty

  

Categories: Econ, Tax, Ethics/Morals

Poverty, in the technical sense, means different things in different places. But one thing is the same: poverty is when someone doesn’t have the financial resources to maintain what the rest of us say is a "minimum standard of living."

Think about Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Yep, it’s that pyramid shaped thingie. Poverty will mean that something toward the bottom isn’t being met. Maybe food. Maybe shelter. Maybe clothes. If you’re wondering if everyone really "needs" clothes, well...you do if you want a job.

What about people in prison or a psych ward? The military and kids living on school campuses? They don’t count in the U.S. Census as people who could be in poverty. Oh yeah, and “child poverty” isn’t a thing according to the Census, since those under 15 years old aren’t counted. Don’t worry...other people totally count it.

The U.S. has yearly-updated poverty guidelines. These tell you how much money you’d have to be making less-than in order to be considered a person living in poverty, per person. If you’re on your own in 2019, you’re not considered in poverty if you’re making more than $12,490. As a couple, that goes up to $16,910. These guidelines are used for all kinds of things, like if someone’s qualified or not for certain benefits.

You know who doesn’t like poverty besides the people who are in it? Capitalists. And we’re not talking about crowding the sidewalks...we’re talking about the economy. Poorer countries with poverty present themselves as great investment opportunities, but high levels of poverty sometimes also lead to less stability, more government corruption...things not so great for investors.

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Econ: What are Real v. Nominal Wages?0 Views

00:00

And finance Allah shmoop What are riel versus nominal wages

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Well old Grandpa Larry has been retired for a while

00:12

so he's a bit out of touch When I was

00:14

your age burgers cost a quarter Now they're five dollars

00:18

five dollars Everything so expensive nowadays Oh Grandpa and guess

00:22

There he goes again being either sarcastic or totally not

00:26

getting that Inflation is a you know a thing Well

00:29

inflation is the reason prices and wages or nominal wages

00:32

to be precise there That's the reason they rise Inflation

00:36

Your nominal wage is the actual dollar amount on your

00:38

paycheck And on Grandpa you know when he a bad

00:41

one for you Maybe it's a three grand a month

00:43

for grandpa while it was three grand for the whole

00:46

year So grandpas not exactly wrong Everything was in fact

00:50

cheaper nominally cheaper back in the day But nominal incomes

00:54

were also lower Today the sticker price on everything is

00:57

much higher but so are our paychecks Where grandpa is

01:00

steered wrong is that well he's only thinking of prices

01:03

rising not income if prices rise But buying power also

01:07

rises Well then things aren't necessarily Mohr expensive or at

01:10

least not relatively more expensive What Grandpa doesn't get is

01:13

that he's looking at nominal wage rates when he should

01:16

be looking at the real wage rate Well the rial

01:19

wage rate is the money you make once you take

01:21

into account the effects of inflation on buying power While

01:24

your nominal paycheck is much larger than grandpas while you're

01:27

really wage rate might be pretty similar to what his

01:30

was in the nineteen fifties Riel wage rates allow us

01:33

to compare the amount of buying power different people have

01:36

or well had And that's what counts right Sure you

01:39

can buy a lot of things if you're a millionaire

01:41

today But as inflation raises prices for many decades down

01:45

the line being a quote millionaire unquote in nominal terms

01:49

it might be pretty average inflation which is what creates

01:51

the difference between nominal and real wages is the reason

01:55

you really really shouldn't save up cash in your sock

01:58

drawer under your match Chris was just sitting there doing

02:01

nothing You're much better off keeping your money somewhere where

02:04

it can at least gain a little interest income ideally

02:07

enough to keep up with inflation which is around two

02:09

or three percent a year on most years Think about

02:11

it this way If Grandpa Larry put a five dollar

02:14

bill in his sock drawer in the nineteen fifties that

02:16

five dollars was worth twenty burgers at the time right

02:19

A quarter a burger If he took out that same

02:22

five dollar bill from his sock drawer today he'd only

02:24

be able to buy one burger with it Just won

02:27

all that inflation over all those years Eroded the burger

02:30

buying value of that five dollar bill from twenty burgers

02:33

down to a single burger If you want to keep

02:35

your buying power up while the money you have lying

02:38

around needs to earn a two or three percent interest

02:40

a year if your nominal savings keeps up with inflation

02:44

while your riel savings will retain its riel buying power

02:48

If Grandpa Larry put that five dollars in the bank

02:51

accounts that yielded me let's call it two percent Well

02:53

then he'd be able to buy a lot more with

02:55

it than just one burger today Although he's not totally

02:58

wrong about burgers that is getting more expensive If you'd

03:01

put that five dollars in a bank account seventy years

03:04

ago and it grew a two percent a year well

03:06

at five dollars would now be twenty dollars which means

03:08

it grew three hundred percent of the price of burgers

03:11

though rose from a quarter to five dollars in the

03:14

same time which comes out Tio nineteen hundred percent well

03:18

While his five dollars was keeping up with inflation it

03:20

wasn't growing as fast as the cost of burgers So

03:23

the rial price of burgers actually did go up Even

03:27

on a relative basis The Consumer Price index helps us

03:29

see real price changes like these For instance the real

03:32

price of college and health care have risen by a

03:34

substantial amount way higher than the rate of inflation That

03:38

means it takes more buying power than it did before

03:40

to pay for those things which is a bigger cut

03:42

out of people's paychecks than ever before So maybe Grandpa

03:46

Larry is an entirely senile yet after all but he's

03:49

getting there

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