Time In Force
Categories: Derivatives
Microwaves have timers on them. If they didn't, you could forget about your popcorn, and come back an hour later to find an irradiated black husk.
Time-in-force orders play the same roles for stock traders. They represent stock orders tied to specific time instructions. They only remain in force for a particular length of time. That way, an active trader doesn't forget about a particular order they set, and end up with an irradiated black husk of a strategy.
You set an order to buy AAPL at $200 a share. It's trading at $205. It never really goes down. Three weeks later, it's trading at $225 and you've completely forgotten about the order. You move on to other things. Then news comes out that the United Apple Growers Association is suing the company over its trademark. Shares drop to $198. Your old, dusty buy order goes into play. It messes up your current strategy.
With a time in force order, this situation wouldn't come up. You'd put a time limit on the buy order, like an expiration. It prevents mistakes and guards against forgetfulness. Just like the microwave timer.
Related or Semi-related Video
Finance: What are Theta and Theta Decay?10 Views
finance a la shmoop what are they two and theta decay well in Wall Street
parlance theta is just time you know parsley sage rosemary and our nevermind [Parsley, sage and rosemary plants appear]
okay this is time like with a calendar the tea there in theta
it stands for time or tick-tock and in this case theta refers to the amount of
time left on a contract as that contract gets closer to expiring or executing [Timeline of contract expiration date]
well you'd say that the theta decays like a molding old skeleton returning [Decayed skeleton appears in grave]
ashes to ashes dust to dust so yeah when theta decays the amount of
time left on a contract a trade the life of a stock option lessons most commonly
theta decay is applied to the time remaining on stock option contracts
well what theta is it yep example theta all right so let's say you paid five
bucks a share for a call option to buy Comcast shares for 40 bucks a share [Call option for comcast appears]
anytime in the next four and a half months the stock trades today at $34 a
share well if the stock were still at thirty four bucks a share four months [Calendar months fall off the wall]
later ie with only two weeks or a ten trading days left well what would you
guess your call option to buy Comcast at forty bucks a share or six dollars above
where it's currently trading would be worth more than five bucks less you know
way less for that option to be worth anything positive the stock would have
to go above forty or appreciate seventeen and a half percent ish in ten
days and nobody would then pay an incremental five bucks above that figure [Cash thrown onto a fire]
to then buy the shares for an all-in cost of forty five bucks trying to make
money like the stock would have to zoom from 34 to fifty bucks a share to really [Man holding comcast stock]
have a good outcome risk adjusted so as the option got closer to expiring its [Call option moves to expiration date]
value would decay because the optionality got less there's less time
for that stock to break fifty bucks and change if there were a thousand trading
days in the future and the option had notionally like five years before it
expired like enormous theta well then it would likely have sold for
vastly more than five bucks a share you know for that stock option and hey if [Piles of cash appear on table]
you want to see real decay well just check out Simon and Garfunkel lately
looks like they're you know homeward bound [Man discussing Simon and Garfunkel]