Context

When Jesus starts to tell his disciples that he's going to be killed by the people in Jerusalem, Peter tells him to quit being such a downer. Jesus responds with this line.

Harsh. You bet that shut Peter up right quick, though.

Where you've heard it

Although Jesus wasn't actually talking to Satan in this quote, it's pretty common to hear someone say it anytime someone else is tempting them to do something they know they shouldn't do. As in, "Hiya, Floyd. Care for a deep fried Twinkie milkshake with extra whipped cream and cotton candy on top?" Cue response: "Get behind me, Satan!"

The phrase also pops up quite a bit in music.

Additional Notable References: 

• Irving Berlin wrote a song called "Get Thee Behind Me, Satan" for the 1936 film Follow the Fleet.
• Billie Joe Spears recorded a rip-roarin' country rock song in 1968 called "Get Behind Me Satan and Push".
• Sufjan Stevens has a festive pop Christmas song called "Get Behind Me, Santa".
• The White Stripes have an entire album called Get Behind Me Satan.

Pretentious Factor

If you were to drop this quote at a dinner party, would you get an in-unison "awww" or would everyone roll their eyes and never invite you back? Here it is, on a scale of 1-10.

You'd be hard-pressed to use this quote any way other than ironically, so it's probably not that pretentious. Still, some people don't like being called Satan (trust us!), so just be careful.