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The attractive forces between unlike molecules.
A solid that does not have a repeating, regular three-dimensional arrangement of particles.
Water, made up of water
Equal volumes of an ideal gas contain equal numbers of molecules if both volumes are at the same temperature and pressure.
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
The boiling point of a solution is higher than the boiling point of the pure solvent (colligative property).
The pressure of an ideal gas is inversely proportional to its volume if the temperature and amount of gas is held constant.
The movement of a liquid along the surface of a solid caused by the attraction of molecules of the liquid to the molecules of the solid.
The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature if pressure and amount of gas remain constant.
A method of changing one or more chemicals or chemical compounds.
The intermolecular forces which cause a tendency in liquids to resist separation.
Properties of a solution that depend on the number of solute molecules present but not on the identity of the solute.
The gas law that combines Boyle's Law, Charles' Law, and Gay-Lussac's Law.
A substance that is formed from more than one kind of atom chemically bound together. For example, carbon dioxide (CO2) and sodium chloride (NaCl) are compounds because each one has two kinds of atoms that are bound by covalent or ionic bonds. Oxygen (O2) is not a compound, however, because it has one single kind of atom (O). Oxygen is referred to a diatomic molecule.
A measure of the volume change of a fluid or solid as a response to a pressure.
Change water from gas to liquid, act of making something denser
Either the solid or liquid phase of a substance.
A very strong attraction between two or more atoms that are sharing their electrons.
A crystal in which the structure is maintained by covalent bonds.
A three-dimensional array of points that embodies the pattern of repetition in a crystalline solid.
A solid that possesses long-range order at the atomic or molecular level in its structure.
The total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the partial pressure of the individual gases.
Density is a measure of an object's mass in comparison to its volume (density= mass/volume). Density can increase either by increased mass or by decreased volume. Picture a jar of raisins and a jar of peanut butter. If both jars are the same size, the peanut butter would have a higher mass and consequently a higher density. To increase the density of the raisins you would have to either increase the mass of the raisins (squash more and more raisins into the original jar) or decrease the volume (take the same amount of raisins from the original jar and squash them into a smaller jar).
The transition from a gas to a solid.
When ionic substances dissolve their ions while surrounded by solvent molecules and separated from each other.
Gas molecules in a container escape from tiny pinholes into a vacuum with the same average velocity they have inside the container.
A phenomenon resulting from slow-moving electrical charges.
An element is a substance composed of atoms with identical atomic number.
Vaporization of a liquid below its boiling point.
The act of passing a liquid or gas through a filter to remove solid particles.
Substances (gases and liquids) that flow freely.
The conversion of a liquid into a gas.
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the vapor pressure of the corresponding solid.
The freezing point of a solution is lower than the freezing point of the pure solvent (colligative property).
Matter in a form that has low density, is easily compressible, expands spontaneously when placed in a larger container, and has particles that are far apart and move freely
The rates of effusion of gases are inversely proportional to the square roots of their molecular weights or densities.
A means by which energy is transferred from a hot body to a colder body when the two are placed in thermal contact with one another.
Diverse, different, not all alike
Alike, "homo" is together/similar/the same
Strong dipole-dipole forces between molecules X-H … Y, where X and Y are small electronegative atoms and H denotes the hydrogen bond.
The pressure exerted by a liquid when it is at rest.
A gas whose pressure P, volume V, and temperature T are related by PV = nRT, where n is the number of moles of gas and R is the ideal gas law constant.
The product of pressure and the volume of an ideal gas is directly proportional to the number of moles of the gas and the temperature.
An attraction or repulsion between molecules.
A crystal held together by Coulomb attractions.
The energy an object possesses as a result of its motion.
A collection of postulates that describe the behavior of molecules in a gas.
A state of matter that has a high density, low compressibility, takes the shape of their container, and possesses particles that are close together but are still able to flow.
The quantity of matter in a body.
Anything that has mass and volume.
The process of a solid becoming a liquid.
The temperature at which liquid and solid coexist in equilibrium.
A crystal in which the atoms are linked by electrons shared in delocalized valence orbitals.
A sample of matter composed of two or more substances each of which retains its own identity and properties.
Concentration of a solution measured as moles of solute per kilogram of solvent.
Concentration measured as the number of moles of solute per liter of solution.
Concentration of a substance in a mixture measured as moles of the substance per mole of mixture.
A crystal in which groups of strongly linked atoms or molecules are held in position by weak intermolecular interactions.
The pressure that develops in a solution separated from a solvent by a membrane permeable only to the solvent.
The independent pressure exerted by different gases in a mixture.
The building block of matter usually in the form of atoms, molecules, or ions.
A sample of matter that is uniform throughout both in its chemical composition and in its physical state.
A map that shows which phases of a substance are most stable for a given set of pressure and volume conditions.
A change where the identity of the chemical does not change, but the phase does. For example, melting ice is an example of physical change because frozen H2O and liquid H2O are both still just H2O.
Force per unit area.
Applies to a gas-liquid mixture when a gas is highly soluble in a liquid and relates the mole fractions of the species in the liquid and gas phases.
A solution in equilibrium with a solid state.
A dense rigid state of matter with a definite volume and shape whose particles are packed close together.
The solubility of a substance is its concentration in a saturated solution.
Able to be dissolved or able to be solved (depending on the context in which you see the word).
A substance dissolved in a solvent to make a solution.
The solutions of quadratic equations are the same as the roots of quadratic equations. The solutions of a quadratic equation are the values of x for which the equation equals zero. They are also the x-intercepts of the function.
A solid, liquid, or gas that causes another substance to dissolve. Water is a top-notch solvent.
Standard pressure has a pressure of 1 atmosphere (atm).
Standard temperature is a temperature of 0ºC.
Conditions in which pressure is 1 atm and temperature is 0ºC
The process of a solid becoming a gas.
A sample of matter that has the same chemical composition and physical properties.
The force per unit length used to overcome the microscopic forces between molecules at the liquid-air interface.
A heterogeneous mixture in which solute particles settle out of a solvent after some time has passed.
A property associated with the hotness or coldness of an object.
The state at which all three phases coexist in equilibrium.
The simplest arrangement of atoms or molecules that regularly repeat in a crystal structure.
The constant in the Ideal Gas Law, equal to 8.3145 J mol-1 K-1 or 0.082058 L atm mol-1 K-1.
A force acting between non-bonded atoms or molecules.
The pressure of the vapor coexisting with a confined liquid or solid at any specified temperature.
The temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the atmospheric pressure.
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