How we cite our quotes: (Sentence)
Quote #1
We now administer the affairs of a nation in which the extraordinary growth of population has been outstripped by the growth of wealth in complex interests. (4)
Right up front, Roosevelt addresses the elephant in the room: there's not enough money for everyone, and the huge boom of money is tied up in "complex interests": aka businesses and Wall Street.
Quote #2
If, on the other hand, it turns into a mere crusade of appetite against appetite, of a contest between the brutal greed of the "have nots" and the brutal greed of the "haves," then it has no significance for good, but only for evil. (57)
Teddy's equating the greed of the wealthy to the greed of the poor, which is kind of apples and oranges. Wanting enough money to buy a new vacation home is not the same kind of want as wanting enough money to actually have a home.
Quote #3
If it seeks to establish a line of cleavage, not along the line which divides good men from bad, but along that other line, running at right angles thereto, which divides those who are well off from those who are less well off, then it will be fraught with immeasurable harm to the body politic. (58)
Roosevelt thinks that there can and should be a cross-class alliance, where people on both sides can agree on what's best for the country. It's kind of a utopic thought.
Quote #4
The wealthy man who exults because there is a failure of justice in the effort to bring some trust magnate to account for his misdeeds is as bad as, and no worse than, the so-called labor leader who clamorously strives to excite a foul class feeling on behalf of some other labor leader who is implicated in murder. (60)
Being implicated in murder is a common theme in those convicted for violent acts like the Haymarket Bombing. If the real culprit couldn't be found, then what's called "conspiracy laws" went into effect. Basically it boils down to the police finally getting an excuse to wipe the biggest leftist players off the board, on the assumption that they had a deep secret conspiracy to commit the crime.
Quote #5
One attitude is as bad as the other, and no worse; in each case the accused is entitled to exact justice; and in neither case is there need of action by others which can be construed into an expression of sympathy for crime. (61)
For TR, someone's crime is never justified by their conditions. A crime is a crime and all crimes should be treated equally. More Javert, and less Valjean.