How we cite our quotes: (Line)
Quote #1
Strong Son of God, immortal Love,
Whom we, that have not seen thy face,
By faith, and faith alone, embrace,
Believing where we cannot prove; (1-4)
From the very beginning it seems that the possibility of doubt is very much on Tennyson's mind. Jesus = God = Love, but humans cannot actually see him, so must take his existence on faith. There's no way to prove it. We can totes see how this might present a problem.
Quote #2
Thou seemest human and divine. (13)
Tennyson hedges his bets here and uses "seemest" ("seems") in relation to his views on whether Jesus is really both human and divine. Compared to the more in-your-face moments of doubt he'll later have, this is a quiet and understated moment of questioning faith.
Quote #3
(in Him is no before) (546)
God is all-seeing and all-knowing. He's sort of like the eye in the sky, watching your every move. He can foresee and see things at the same time, because he's outside of time. There is "no before," meaning God-time doesn't work like puny human-time that can be counted on clocks or by mere chronology.
Quote #4
Oh, yet we trust that somehow good
Will be the final goal of ill. (1033-1034)
Here's where the theodicy comes in. This is all about trying to reconcile the idea that, if God is so good, why does he allow so much suffering to exist in the world that he has created?
Quote #5
And all at once it seem'd at last
The living soul was flashed on mine. (1955-1956)
Woah...heavy, man—this is a moment of deep spiritual connection between Tennyson and Arthur. In the speaker's imagination, the two connect beyond the bounds of time and space (and death) when Arthur's "living soul [...] flashed upon" Tennyson's.
Quote #6
One God, one law, one element,
And one far-off divine event,
To which the whole Creation moves. (2894-2897)
In the end, buoyed by the idea that Arthur now dwells with God, Tennyson accepts that all of creation is united and everything moves by God's purpose. He has found his faith again, and things don't seem as hostile and senseless as before.