Vanity Fair Theme of Cunning and Cleverness

Vanity Fair does not have much to say about intellectual achievement. Instead its main demonstration of intelligence lies in its characters' ability to plan, scheme, and maneuver strategically around others as they jockey for the best social and financial position possible. In keeping with the cultural stereotypes of his time, Thackeray gives women the edge over men here. Although we frequently see male characters engaged in recreational games of chance, it's the female characters who wager for the high stakes, deploying an innate, almost animalistic cleverness.

Questions About Cunning and Cleverness

  1. Other than Becky, who else is cunning or clever in the novel? In what ways do others show their cleverness? Do stratagems and complex schemes tend to pay off in the novel's universe? Why or why not?
  2. Why do Becky's considerable intelligence and skill fail her at crucial points, like choosing the wrong Crawley to marry, or not realizing that the best chance to get Miss Crawley to forgive her and Rawdon for their marriage is to tell her immediately rather than running away? Is this random chance? Fate? Something actively interfering?
  3. How does the novel portray intelligence? Which characters are smart, and in what ways: book-smart, street savvy, intellectually curious, etc.? Are we meant to admire smarts or are they a hindrance? Why?

Chew on This

Try on an opinion or two, start a debate, or play the devil’s advocate.

There is a way in which Becky and the narrator compete with each other. The narrator jokes, makes puns, and says clever and cutting things about the characters and actions he describes. The only character who is able to do all those things is Becky, and this makes the novel a kind of battle of wits.

Some strategizers and schemers in the novel are compared to gamblers (Mrs. Bute, for instance), while others are like military commanders (for example, Glorvina O'Dowd). But both types tend to fail and succeed at random. The novel is thus suggesting that even the best-planned military campaigns are like throwing a die and hoping for a good result.