Portfolio Lender

  

Categories: Credit, Banking

A “portfolio lender” is a financial institution that originates loans but doesn’t sell them on the secondary market. They keep the loans for themselves and use their own money to fund them. This means they take on more risk than FIs who, say, sell their loans to Freddie Mac, but it also means they can sometimes offer loans in circumstances another financial institution might not.

Let’s say we’re buying a house, and, like most people, we need a loan to do it. So we head on down to the local branch of Large American Bank and we get ourselves a mortgage. Large American Bank then turns around and sells our loan to someone like Freddie Mac. This probably isn’t going to have much of an impact on us the homeowner, but it does mitigate Large American Bank’s risk. If we default on the loan, it’s Freddie Mac that takes the hit, not Large American Bank. This is why FIs like Freddie Mac are super particular about the loans they buy, and it’s why FIs like Large American Bank are super particular about the loans they originate.

Now let’s enter Tiny Town Bank into the equation. Tiny Town Bank, or TTB, is a portfolio lender and an integral part of our tiny town community. When we go to TTB for a mortgage, they fund it with their own cash, and they don’t sell it to Freddie Mac or anyone else. Sure, they’ll get burned if we default, but they also know us well enough to know we probably won’t. After all, we’ve been banking there since we were 16, and the bank manager plays squash with our Uncle George.

Like we said…community. Chances are, TTB won’t have all the myriad types of mortgage loans available somewhere like Large American Bank. But they might be more willing to give us the loan we want, since they don’t have to meet the stringent loan resale requirements of a big FI (like Freddie Mac).

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Finance: What are margin account, margin...1 Views

00:00

Finance Allah shmoop what is a margin account I think

00:08

the bank of you you have one hundred grand in

00:11

stocks saved in a margin account set up at your

00:14

kindly loving Morgan Stanley or Schwab brokerage Lots of lawn

00:18

mowing and rich Uncle dying went into getting that hundred

00:21

grand Bessie Mae dies You need Bessie Mae two point

00:25

Oh the kind with round wheels this time Yeah she'll

00:28

cost twenty five grand You don't want to pay the

00:30

fifteen percent interest that the auto dealer offers you generously

00:34

loaning you the money And if you sell twenty five

00:37

grand worth a stock well you'll pay almost ten thousand

00:39

dollars in taxes so you'd have to sell something closer

00:42

Duff forty grand to net the twenty five grand after

00:45

tax And wow that's expensive for Bessie Mae Two point

00:49

Oh with the round wheels and air conditioning and windows

00:53

that actually work So you really don't wanna have to

00:55

sell stock The vastly cheaper solution is to borrow money

00:59

from yourself All right Well how do you perform this

01:02

magic Well your brokerage account is set up as a

01:06

margin account That is when you set it up You

01:08

checked and signed all the boxes that claimed you knew

01:11

what you were doing were of sound mind when you

01:14

signed and you realize that there's a fifty percent margin

01:17

limit on your account which is standard practice these days

01:19

So what does all that mean Well it means that

01:21

on your hundred grand of stocks in your brokerage account

01:23

you can borrow twenty five thousand dollars like tomorrow by

01:26

writing a check against it too dishonest Dean's discount dealership

01:31

and pay interest to Morgan Stanley or Schwab or whoever

01:34

has your brokerage account But you'll only pay about one

01:36

hundred basis points over prime rates or in today's world

01:39

three four percent if something like that nothing like that

01:42

fifteen ish percent egregious amount that the auto dealer would

01:46

want And this makes sense right when you're borrowing from

01:48

yourself If you ever don't pay yourself back while going

01:52

to be really easy to track down the deadbeat right

01:54

Morgan and Schwab happy to pledge or Chi pa Tha

01:57

Kate your stock to a bank and provide you whatever

02:00

cash liquidity you need by Bessie Tuo Morgan and Schwab

02:03

will pay maybe two percent or less on the money

02:06

They let you borrow for three percent or more so

02:09

they make a one ish percent spread for doing almost

02:12

nothing Nice work if you can get it And that

02:14

fifty percent margin limit thing Well what does it mean

02:16

Well let's say you've borrowed that twenty five thousand dollars

02:19

and weren't disciplined to pay it off And it just

02:22

sat there And then we had a really bad bear

02:24

market Like a mortgage crisis market that went down by

02:28

half or the individual stocks he loaned in there simply

02:30

went down by half And all of a sudden one

02:32

day you wake up and you have fifty thousand dollars

02:35

in change in the value of stocks in your account

02:39

Oh this is a problem Why Because if you don't

02:42

have atleast double in value in your account that money

02:45

you've borrowed the brokerage has the right to just sell

02:48

willy nilly Whatever assets you have to be certain that

02:51

you in fact keep it least double coverage right Why

02:54

Well they're letting you borrow money or at least borrow

02:56

liquidity at a very low price So they understandably expect

03:01

very low risk And if the market then goes down

03:03

another ten percent and your value is down to forty

03:06

five grand and you still have twenty five thousand dollars

03:09

in margin or borrow their well Then the brokerage can

03:12

and will immediately pick whatever stocks they want to sell

03:15

an anger behalf They will sell five grand worth of

03:17

stock just to get you to that magic half zone

03:20

So think about it There's a big big problem Why

03:22

they sell five thousand dollars worth of stocks to pay

03:25

down your twenty five thousand dollars of borrowing to then

03:27

be just twenty thousand Well in a margin account you

03:30

have forty grand now in value But those were stocks

03:33

that were gifted to you or maybe stocks you owned

03:36

a long time So now not only has the brokerage

03:39

soul chairs at a low price but you will owe

03:41

taxes on the gains from that five grand of sales

03:45

so you'll have to sell more shares down the line

03:47

to pay the kindly loving people of the I R

03:49

s bottom line Margin accounts are great if you manage

03:53

them and if you don't well yeah they end up

03:55

managing you

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