In the 1930s, the Securities and Exchange Commission introduced a doctrine of sorts that contained the shingle theory. It’s a little outdated today, especially since brokerages can operate without a brick-and-mortar store (ergo the “shingle”), but also for other reasons. The shingle theory is the theory that a broker who opens up a shop (“hanging a shingle”) will be an honest and fair businessman with his customers, taking responsibility where it’s due.
It’s a nice idea, but the real world tells us to be on our guard with brokerages. While there are legit brokerages out there, there are also scam brokerages, and everything in-between (think: “grey” brokerages that aren’t all scams, but aren’t totally honest, either).
The U.S. government has tried to keep brokers honest. There’s the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), and other agencies that have slapped rules, regulations, and oversight onto brokerages. A few bad apples ruin the party for everyone.
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Finance a la shmoop what is the SEC right well the SEC or
Securities Exchange Commission has nothing to do with a realtor getting 6% [Realtor receiving a cheque off a man]
Commission when they sell your house commission here is about committing to
do right by investors well why do we have a whole commission or army of [An army of men wearing suits and facepaint]
lawyers dedicated to the fair exchange of securities well because there was an
era brutally demonstrated in the 1920's when fast-talking sleazy wheelers and dealers
ripped off everyone from ma and pa kettle to aunt an uncle teapot yeah they would [Dealer ripping off people in the street]
prey upon the uneducated the uninformed the gullible the greedy painting stories
of great riches that the would-be investors could have if they just sold [Man telling a farmer to invest his land]
their twenty thousand acre farm and parted with ten grand to buy this
beautiful park that real estate developers wanted to turn into high-rise [Farmer receives a real-estate development]
condos but in fact many of those lands were actually swampland the only folks [Farmer holding a shovel in a swampland]
who might be moving in there were beavers deer flies and alligators and it
wasn't just real estate securities that were abused fake companies Lego bridge [Officer on stage waving baton]
building company bumper stickers R Us you know like that sprung up everywhere
with crazy promises that sounded plausible to those with barely a [Boy in a white vest beside a bumper sticker]
third-grade education but they were total scams the American public tired of
reading about uneducated investors losing all their money to fast talking [American man reading about investors]
sales people lobbied Congress to create the SEC in 1934 with its core pursuit [People protesting outside of congress]
being to regulate the buying and selling of securities in America yep pretty much
[Policeman blows his whistle] these were the investing police myriad laws and structures were put into place
mainly around full and fair disclosure of whatever security a money raising
company was selling that is if it really was swampland you had to disclose that [Man with an aligator for a head in a swampland]
it was swampland you couldn't claim it was something it wasn't using fancy
vocabulary that a normal ordinary person couldn't [Man confusing someone with fancy vocabulary]
understand like you couldn't you know polish a piece of crap and call it
marble the broader goal here was not to give Americans advice on what to buy and [American boy thinking about buying or selling]
sell but rather just to have full and fair disclosure of the facts so that
when a buyer did buy and got taken well at least then all the facts she needed [Woman meeting with an investor]
to make a rational and reasonable conclusion were right there in front of
her so hey anyone up for a game of marbles [Man throwing poo on the floor]
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