How we cite our quotes: (Chapter.Paragraph)
Quote #7
The scientists had these and other details which remained subject to security in the United States printed and mimeographed and bound into little books. The Americans knew of the existence of these, but tracing them and seeing that they did not fall into the wrong hands would have obliged the occupying authorities to set up, for this one purpose alone, an enormous police system in Japan. Altogether, the Japanese scientists were somewhat amused at the efforts of their conquerors to keep security on atomic fission. (4.25)
Apparently there was some tension between the occupying American forces and Japanese scientists who were (understandably) trying to figure out the nature of the bomb that had been dropped on their country. Apparently, the fact that the U.S. would try to keep the secrets of atomic fission under wraps in the country where it was unleashed was a source of ironic amusement for the scientists.
Quote #8
"If a Japanese hears the words "tenno beika" [His Majesty the Emperor], it is different from a Westerner hearing them—a very different feeling in the foreigner's heart from what is felt in the Japanese person's heart." (5.70)
This is Father Kleinsorge describing the unique power hearing the name of the Emperor has for a Japanese person, as opposed to anyone else. Even if those words don't have the same meaning for him as a foreigner, it's telling that Father Kleinsorge seems willing/able to try to understand that emotion.
Quote #9
He had the body taken to a crematorium; then, that night, it was taken out a back way and was delivered to the American-run Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission, on top of a hill to the east of the city. […] He was shown that his father's brain had atrophied, his large intestine had become enlarged, and there was a cancer the size of a ping pong ball in his liver. (5.123)
It's interesting to note that the organization in charge of monitoring the lasting impact of the bomb/its effects was American-run.