How we cite our quotes: (Chapter.Paragraph)
Quote #1
A few had given themselves up spontaneously, reduced to desperation by the vagabond life, or because they lacked the means to survive, or to avoid separation from a captured relation, or even—absurdly—"to be in conformity with the law" (1.5)
Primo identifies the absurdity of actually choosing to put oneself in danger in order to obey the law. He's also hitting us over the head with the supreme irony that the prisoners weren't comfortable with their "vagabond life." Little did they know that things were about to get horribly worse in the concentration camps.
Quote #2
Piero has mild enteritis, has been here for twenty days, and is quite happy, rested and growing fatter; he could not care less about the selections and has decided to stay in Ka-Be until the end of the winter, at all costs. His method consists of placing himself in line behind some authentic dysentery patient who offers a guarantee of success; when it is his turn he asks for his collaboration (to be rewarded with soup or bread), and if the latter agrees, and the nurse has a moment of inattention, he switches over the pots in the middle of the crowd, and the deed is done. Piero knows what he is risking, but it has gone well so far. (4.75)
Subverting the system usually require a person to go against the morals and ethics they might have held when they were free men. In this passage, we see how far a person can actually go. Piero steals excrement from dysentery patients in order to stay in Ka-Be, since that's the only thing that gives him some hope for survival.
Quote #3
Add to this that the old members of the camp have refined their senses to such a degree that, while still in their bunks, they are miraculously able to distinguish if the level is at a dangerous point, purely on the basis of the sound that the sides of the bucket make—with the result that they almost always manage to avoid emptying it. (5.23)
Why is emptying the bucket a possibly dangerous undertaking? Primo's frequent description of excrement is another indication of the abject misery the prisoners have to endure.
Quote #4
I will try and place myself with Resnyk; he seems a good worker and being taller will support the greater part of the weight. I know that it is in the natural order of events that Resnyk refuse me with disdain and form a pair with another more robust individual; then I will ask to go to the latrine and I will remain there as long as possible, and afterwards I will try to hide, with the certainty of being immediately traced, mocked at and hit; but anything is better than this work. (6.10)
Strategically, Primo hatches a plan to pair up with Resnyk, a tall guy who seems like a good worker. Primo knows that this guy will end up bearing most of the load, and it will give him a chance to rest. Even though there's a chance he might be beaten for slacking off, he chooses to risk a beating because it's better than the backbreaking labor he's forced to do.
Quote #5
Here scores of prisoners driven desperate by hunger prowl around, with lips half-open and eyes gleaming, lured by a deceptive instinct to where the merchandise shown makes the gnawing of their stomachs more acute and their salivation more assiduous. In the best of cases they possess a miserable half-ration of bread which, with painful effort, they have saved since the morning, in the senseless hope of a chance to make an advantageous bargain with some ingenuous person, unaware of the prices of the moment. Some of these, with savage patience, acquire with their half-ration two pints of soup which, once in their possession, they subject to a methodical examination with a view to extracting the few pieces of potato lying at the bottom; this done, they exchange it for bread, and the bread for another two pints to denaturalize, and so on until their nerves are exhausted, or until some victim, catching them in the act, inflicts on them a severe lesson, exposing them to public derision. Of the same kind are those who come to the market to sell their only shirt; they well know what will happen on the next occasion that the Kapo finds out that they are bare underneath their jackets. The Kapo will ask them what they have done with their shirt; it is a purely rhetorical question, a formality useful only to begin the game. They will reply that their shirt was stolen in the wash-room; this reply is equally customary, and is not expected to be believed; in fact, even the stones of the Lager know that ninety nine times out of a hundred whoever has no shirt has sold it because of hunger, and that in any case one is responsible for one's shirt because it belongs to the Lager. Then the Kapo will beat them, they will be issued another shirt, and sooner or later they will begin again. (8.6)
Here's a brief snapshot of the Lager Exchange Market, where the prisoners meet up to barter and trade. The prisoners make no bones about being willing to get over on "ingenuous" people ("ingenuous" means gullible and trusting).
Quote #6
To speak with Henri is useful and pleasant: one sometimes also feels him warm and near; communication, even affection, seems possible. One seems to glimpse, behind his uncommon personality, a human soul, sorrowful and aware of itself. But the next moment his sad smile freezes into a cold grimace which seems studied at the mirror; Henri politely excuses himself [...] and here he is again, intent on his hunt and his struggle; hard and distant, enclosed in armor, the enemy of all, inhumanly cunning and incomprehensible like the Serpent in Genesis. (9.49)
Check out the imagery and metaphors Levi uses to describe Henri, the most manipulative and cunning guy he meets in the Lager. What associations might we make with someone who "hunt[s]," is "enclosed in armor" and is described in terms of the "Serpent in Genesis"?
Quote #7
He works too much and too vigorously: he has not yet learnt our underground art of economizing on everything, on breath, movements, even thoughts. He does not yet know that it is better to be beaten, because one does not normally die of blows, but one does of exhaustion, and badly, and when one grows aware of it, it is already too late. (14.6)
Primo is talking about Kraus, the Hungarian prisoner who works way too hard and is in serious danger of dying from exhaustion. He doesn't yet understand that inside the barbed wire of Auschwitz isn't like the outside—that here he shouldn't give his all and work to the best of his abilities, but instead preserve his strength. He hasn't mastered the strategy of self-preservation. Kraus' work habits affect the others, though, because they're all chained together and set the pace of work together. So he puts everyone at risk even though he probably thinks he's doing the right thing according to his old work standards.
Quote #8
[B]y now we two [Primo and Alberto] are bound by a tight bond of alliance, by which every "organized" scrap is divided into two strictly equal parts. (15.11)
These two best friends give us a good example of the more communal strategy of survival; they share everything they have and take care of each other until they are separated during the evacuation of the camp.
Quote #9
Will they really want to search us at the exit every day? And even if they want to, will they do it every time that we ask to go to the latrine? Obviously not. And there is soap, petrol, alcohol here. I will stitch a secret pocket inside my jacket, and combine with the Englishman who works in the repairs-yard and trades in petrol. We will see how strict the supervision is: but by now I have spent a year in the Lager and I know that if one wants to steal and seriously sets one's mind to it, no supervision and no searchings can prevent it. (15.17)
These valuable objects are just too much of a temptation for Primo to pass up. He uses what he knows about the system to take the chance on stealing these items to exchange for food and warmer clothing.
Quote #10
Last month one of the crematoriums at Birkenau had been blown up. None of us knows (and perhaps no one will ever know) exactly how the exploit was carried out: there was talk of the Sonderkommando, the Special Kommando attached to the gas chambers and the ovens, which is itself periodically exterminated, and which is kept scrupulously segregated from the rest of the camp. The fact remains that a few hundred men at Birkenau, helpless and exhausted slaves like ourselves, had found in themselves the strength to act, to mature the fruits of their hatred. (16.16).
This Sonderkommando revolt happened at Auschwitz, on October 7, 1944. The Sonderkommando were Jewish prisoners arbitrarily assigned to work in the gas chambers and crematoriums. These jobs forced them to directly witness the Nazi killing machine at the death camps like Birkenau. So they wouldn't tell the other prisoners about what was happening, the Sonderkommando were periodically themselves killed and others took their place. Why might it make sense that they would undertake such an uprising, when none of the other prisoners of Auschwitz did so? What might make someone choose to sacrifice himself?