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AP Psychology 3.3 Cognition 3 Views


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Description:

AP Psychology 3.3 Cognition. What is the difference in the way the problem is presented referred to as?

Language:
English Language

Transcript

00:04

And here's your shmoop du jour brought to you by $1,000,000 these

00:08

shmoop teachers are getting pricey so into will wait for a Black Friday deal [Little girl putting coins in piggy bank]

00:12

all right here's a question Joe and Mike are asked to think of creative ways that

00:16

save the company 1 million dollars next year

00:18

Joe is told that a solution is needed quickly or many people will lose their

00:22

jobs while Mike is told that a quick solution is needed so that the jobs of

00:26

many people can be saved the difference in the way that the problem is presented

00:31

is referred to as what ?

00:36

all right 1 million a lot of pressure we'd really hate to be Joe and Mike [Joe and Mike appear together]

00:40

right now so what's the difference between Joe and Mike trying to save

00:43

people jobs and Joe and Mike trying to stop people from losing their jobs

00:46

answer nothing but the distinction that Joe and Mike's bosses are making is a [Joe and Mike's boss appears in office]

00:52

conscious one but how would we describe it well not with the term fixedness

00:56

that's for sure functional fixedness is a cognitive bias

01:00

that limits them individual to using an object in the way it's normally used so

01:05

let's say Joe and Mike were tasked with popping a bunch of balloons and they [Balloons appear in a box]

01:08

came across a fork while Joe and Mike experienced functional fixedness they [Joe and Mike popping balloons]

01:13

would say that the fork couldn't possibly be used for popping balloons

01:16

because it's only used for eating food let's go in Mike these balloons well [Man eating a balloon]

01:21

this is in our answer but hey we're not judging what you want guys you're the

01:25

million dollar idea man the answer isn't see either a mental set describes the

01:30

way in which we group problems in order to see solutions for similar problems

01:34

from the past well if Joe and Mike were instead tasked

01:37

with opening a stuck jelly jar they might recall that running a jar under [Man attempts to open jelly jar]

01:41

hot water worked last time and they'd assume this would work again mental says [Jar thrown into hot water]

01:45

however sometimes lead people away from seeing more obvious solutions like the

01:49

arrows indicating to twist the other way and this that's the brightest bulbs

01:53

today go and microwave well D) anchoring

01:57

describes the cognitive bias where and people rely too heavily on the first

02:00

piece of information they receive and then anchor into it so if we first said

02:04

to Joe and Mike that we clean out their gutters for $200 they think it was a [Lots of leaves stuffed into a gutter]

02:09

ridiculous prize sure but they be anchored into thinking it's a price we

02:13

realistically want so we'd scale down a bit because we're

02:16

nice people and Joe and Mike would think they were given an awesome deal but [Joe and Mike look at anchor in shop window]

02:20

ultimately cleaning up gutters is something people do for less than an

02:23

eighth of our first price anchoring a great tactic for used-car salesmen and

02:28

sailors alike but not our answer and adjustment describes the way we balance

02:32

conflicting needs if we're peelin Thursday we adjust our behavior to take [Joe takes sip of water]

02:36

the water and meet that need if we're tired we find a way to get some rest and [Mike sleeping]

02:40

for hungry left we're even enjoy a package of Oreos that's the immediate

02:44

success so E is not what we're looking for well that just leaves us with a

02:48

framing framing describes the way in which a problem is presented or framed

02:53

depending on the framing of a problem humans can be motivated or limited in [Man inspecting problem in a frame]

02:56

their creativity in general humans don't like taking risk

03:00

so when problems are presented in terms of a loss like it was the joke

03:04

he's far less likely to take risk or be creative but because Mike's problem was

03:08

framed in terms of saving jobs he's more inclined to get creative with a solution [Mike appears and dogs parachute either side of him]

03:12

because there's no risk of loss looming over his head some generalists best of

03:16

frame problems in the most neutral way possible so a is the correct answer

03:20

let's definitely guys are still snacking on jelly covered balloons and what [Joe and Mike eating balloons]

03:24

company might want to look elsewhere for a million-dollar solution just a thought

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