AP Psychology 3.3 Cognition

jobs while Mike is told that a quick solution is needed so that the jobs of

many people can be saved the difference in the way that the problem is presented

is referred to as what ?

all right 1 million a lot of pressure we'd really hate to be Joe and Mike [Joe and Mike appear together]

right now so what's the difference between Joe and Mike trying to save

people jobs and Joe and Mike trying to stop people from losing their jobs

answer nothing but the distinction that Joe and Mike's bosses are making is a [Joe and Mike's boss appears in office]

conscious one but how would we describe it well not with the term fixedness

that's for sure functional fixedness is a cognitive bias

that limits them individual to using an object in the way it's normally used so

let's say Joe and Mike were tasked with popping a bunch of balloons and they [Balloons appear in a box]

came across a fork while Joe and Mike experienced functional fixedness they [Joe and Mike popping balloons]

would say that the fork couldn't possibly be used for popping balloons

because it's only used for eating food let's go in Mike these balloons well [Man eating a balloon]

this is in our answer but hey we're not judging what you want guys you're the

million dollar idea man the answer isn't see either a mental set describes the

way in which we group problems in order to see solutions for similar problems

from the past well if Joe and Mike were instead tasked

with opening a stuck jelly jar they might recall that running a jar under [Man attempts to open jelly jar]

hot water worked last time and they'd assume this would work again mental says [Jar thrown into hot water]

however sometimes lead people away from seeing more obvious solutions like the

arrows indicating to twist the other way and this that's the brightest bulbs

today go and microwave well D) anchoring

describes the cognitive bias where and people rely too heavily on the first

piece of information they receive and then anchor into it so if we first said

to Joe and Mike that we clean out their gutters for $200 they think it was a [Lots of leaves stuffed into a gutter]

ridiculous prize sure but they be anchored into thinking it's a price we

realistically want so we'd scale down a bit because we're

nice people and Joe and Mike would think they were given an awesome deal but [Joe and Mike look at anchor in shop window]

ultimately cleaning up gutters is something people do for less than an

eighth of our first price anchoring a great tactic for used-car salesmen and

sailors alike but not our answer and adjustment describes the way we balance

conflicting needs if we're peelin Thursday we adjust our behavior to take [Joe takes sip of water]

the water and meet that need if we're tired we find a way to get some rest and [Mike sleeping]

for hungry left we're even enjoy a package of Oreos that's the immediate

success so E is not what we're looking for well that just leaves us with a

framing framing describes the way in which a problem is presented or framed

depending on the framing of a problem humans can be motivated or limited in [Man inspecting problem in a frame]

their creativity in general humans don't like taking risk

so when problems are presented in terms of a loss like it was the joke

he's far less likely to take risk or be creative but because Mike's problem was

framed in terms of saving jobs he's more inclined to get creative with a solution [Mike appears and dogs parachute either side of him]

because there's no risk of loss looming over his head some generalists best of

frame problems in the most neutral way possible so a is the correct answer

let's definitely guys are still snacking on jelly covered balloons and what [Joe and Mike eating balloons]

company might want to look elsewhere for a million-dollar solution just a thought