Adonais Introduction

In A Nutshell

In the mood for love? Well, Shmoopers, you're a little off track. Yes, Adonais is a Romantic poem, but not like love-letter romantic; it's part of the Romanticism movement of the 1800s.

Romantic poets were a group of writers who were super into things like nature and expressing their feelings. This formidable crew, including Adonais author Percy Bysshe Shelley, party-boy Lord Byron, Frankenstein-author (and wife of Percy) Mary Shelley, and young-and-passionate John Keats, travelled, partied, and wrote letters to each other over the course of their careers. As a result, they formed a pretty tight posse.

So, when Keats died suddenly at the age of twenty-five, this band of BFFs was quite naturally devastated. They considered Keats one of the best poets around, and they knew that his death was a great, great loss to literature. Plus, they just couldn't understand how such a tragedy could happen to such a bright young star. Shelley, overwhelmed with grief, blamed the critics who had recently written a harsh review of Keats' poetry. He decided that this review must have literally broken Keats' heart. And so Adonais was born.

The 55-stanza, 495-line poem expresses the poet's grief and anger the way only a poem can: with lots and lots of imagery, wordplay, allusions, and metaphors. Shelley calls on gods, nature, and mankind to mourn the loss of Keats. He also has some pretty scathing words for Keats' critics, and for critics in general. The elegy was published in 1821, months after Keats' death, and though it didn't bring him back, it is widely considered one of Shelley's greatest works. Maybe that's some consolation, eh?

 

Why Should I Care?

Why read a 495-line poem about a guy that died almost 200 years ago? We'll tell ya: because it's as lyrical as a rap song that glides off the tongue, and as vengeful as a country ballad about a cheating lover. It's an ode to friendship not unlike the notes you pass to your BFF during study hall. And it's all about the effects of negative criticism, which everyone faces at one point or another.

You can't log into social media without running into a wall of opinions. Everyone likes to chime in on the newest songs, political events, or celebrity hairstyles. And if you are lucky enough to make it big, you know that you'll be facing these opinions at every turn. Whether you're Beyoncé, Tom Cruise, or just make popular YouTube videos– at some point, someone is going to say something negative. To put in another way, "haters gonna hate."

Even 200 hundred years ago (and long before internet comments), those who made it big had their fair share of haters. Keats was a young man on the cusp of fame, so naturally there were plenty of folks who wanted to knock him down a peg or two.

So how did Keats deal with these harsh words? Percy Bysshe Shelley believed that the young poet let all the criticism get him down, way down—so down, in fact, that it affected his health and ultimately killed him. Shelley thought this was a terrible tragedy and decided to write a big, 55-stanza poem taking down the critics and showing how they were wrong about Keats. He then got it published immediately, so that everyone would see it. We guess that's one way to deal with the haters.

So, the next time you're catching (or throwing) some serious shade, check out this poem. Maybe we can learn a thing or two about the power of negative words from Adonais.