Quote 41
I hate a cramp, he thought. It is a treachery of one’s own body. It is humiliating before others to have a diarrhea from ptomaine poisoning or to vomit from it. But a cramp, he thought of it as a calambre, humiliates oneself especially when one is alone. (3.55)
The old man differentiates between pride before others and pride for oneself. He values the latter over the former.
Quote 42
"I told the boy I was a strange old man," he said. "Now is when I must prove it."
The thousand times that he had proved it meant nothing. Now he was proving it again. Each time was a new time and he never thought about the past when he was doing it.
I wish he’d sleep and I could sleep and dream about the lions, he thought. Why are the lions the main thing that is left? (3.3.76-3.78)
The old man remembers the lions because he admires them for their pride. In this way, they are similar.
Quote 43
"I need a pencil for that," he said. "My head is not that clear. But I think the great DiMaggio would be proud of me today. I had no bone spurs. But the hands and the back hurt truly." I wonder what a bone spur is, he thought. Maybe we have them without knowing of it. (4.77)
The old man is interested in his own sense of internal pride, but also the opinion that his hero would have of him.
Quote 44
Then his head started to become a little unclear and he thought, is he bringing me in or am I bringing him in? If I were towing him behind there would be no question. Nor if the fish were in the skiff, with all dignity gone, there would be no question either. But they were sailing together lashed side by side and the old man thought, let him bring me in if it pleases him. I am only better than him through trickery and he meant me no harm. (4.81)
The old man’s pride is called into question even after the fish is dead.
Quote 45
But I must think, he thought. Because it is all I have left. That and baseball. I wonder how the great DiMaggio would have liked the way I hit him in the brain? It was no great thing, he thought. Any man could do it. But do you think my hands were as great a handicap as the bone spurs? I cannot know. I never had anything wrong with my heel except the time the sting ray stung it when I stepped on him when swimming and paralyzed the lower leg and made the unbearable pain. (4.95)
The old man is proud of his own strength and actions, but he looks to others (in this case, DiMaggio, or his image of DiMaggio) for validation.
Quote 46
Besides, he thought, everything kills everything else in some way. Fishing kills me exactly as it keeps me alive. The boy keeps me alive, he thought. I must not deceive myself too much. (4.108)
The old man is not too proud to admit that he is dependent on the boy.
Quote 47
The old man could hardly breathe now and he felt a strange taste in his mouth. It was coppery and sweet and he was afraid of it for a moment. But there was not much of it. He spat into the ocean and said, "Eat that, galanos. And make a dream you’ve killed a man." (4.166, 4.167)
The old man is still proud, even after the fish has been taken from him by the sharks.
Quote 48
The wind is our friend, anyway, he thought. Then he added, sometimes. And the great sea with our friends and our enemies. And bed, he thought. Bed is my friend. Just bed, he thought. Bed will be a great thing. It is easy when you are beaten, he thought. I never knew how easy it was. And what beat you, he thought.
"Nothing," he said aloud. "I went out too far." (4.171, 4.172)
The old man is at first too proud to admit that the sharks beat him.
Quote 49
"When I was your age I was before the mast on a square rigged ship that ran to Africa and I have seen lions on the beaches in the evening."
"I know. You told me." (1.125-1.126)
The old man is caught up in the past and the memory of his youth.
Quote 50
He remembered the time he had hooked one of a pair of marlin. The male fish always let the female fish feed first and the hooked fish, the female, made a wild, panic-stricken, despairing fight that soon exhausted her, and all the time the male had stayed with her, crossing the line and circling with her on the surface. He had stayed so close that the old man was afraid he would cut the line with his tail which was sharp as a scythe and almost of that size and shape. When the old man had gaffed her and clubbed her, holding the rapier bill with its sandpaper edge and dubbing her across the top of her head until her colour turned to a colour almost like the backing of mirrors, and then, with the boy’s aid, hoisted her aboard, the male fish had stayed by the side of the boat. Then, while the old man was clearing the lines and preparing the harpoon, the male fish jumped high into the air beside the boat to see where the female was and then went down deep, his lavender wings, that were his pectoral fins, spread wide and all his wide lavender stripes showing. He was beautiful, the old man remembered, and he had stayed. (2.92)
The old man remembers creatures, not other people; it is with creatures that he feels the most brotherhood.
Quote 51
"I told the boy I was a strange old man," he said. "Now is when I must prove it."
The thousand times that he had proved it meant nothing. Now he was proving it again. Each time was a new time and he never thought about the past when he was doing it.
I wish he’d sleep and I could sleep and dream about the lions, he thought. Why are the lions the main thing that is left? (3.3.76-3.78)
The lions are the main thing that is left because the old man feels a greater kinship with creatures, and more in common with the natural world, than he does with humans.
Quote 52
For an hour the old man had been seeing black spots before his eyes and the sweat salted his eyes and salted the cut over his eye and on his forehead. He was not afraid of the black spots. They were normal at the tension that he was pulling on the line. Twice, though, he had felt faint and dizzy and that had worried him.
"I could not fail myself and die on a fish like this," he said. "Now that I have him coming so beautifully, God help me endure. I’ll say a hundred Our Fathers and a hundred Hail Marys. But I cannot say them now. (4.22, 4.23)
The old man fears defeat because of pride – he fears "failing himself," not the fish; nor is he concerned for the need to eat or make money from his catch.
Quote 53
"But man is not made for defeat," he said. "A man can be destroyed but not defeated." I am sorry that I killed the fish though, he thought. Now the bad time is coming and I do not even have the harpoon. (4.93)
The old man draws a distinction between "destroyed" and "defeated," and leaves us wondering which he is, and which the fish is, by the end of the tale.
Quote 54
"Ay," he said aloud. There is no translation for this word and perhaps it is just a noise such as a man might make, involuntarily, feeling the nail go through his hands and into the wood. (4.112)
The old man recognizes defeat when it comes, never deceiving himself and always facing reality.
Quote 55
Now they have beaten me, he thought. I am too old to club sharks to death. But I will try it as long as I have the oars and the short club and the tiller. (4.132)
Even when he admits defeat, the old man still continues to try, to struggle.
Quote 56
Now it is over, he thought. They will probably hit me again. But what can a man do against them in the dark without a weapon? (4.161)
The old man recognizes that "it is over" at several different points, yet continues to struggle. This raises the question, when is it actually over?
Quote 57
The wind is our friend, anyway, he thought. Then he added, sometimes. And the great sea with our friends and our enemies. And bed, he thought. Bed is my friend. Just bed, he thought. Bed will be a great thing. It is easy when you are beaten, he thought. I never knew how easy it was. And what beat you, he thought.
"Nothing," he said aloud. "I went out too far." (4.171, 4.172)
The old man seems to say that he was beaten by himself, by his own poor judgment, rather than any other force.
Quote 58
"They beat me, Manolin," he said. "They truly beat me."
"He didn’t beat you. Not the fish."
"No. Truly. It was afterwards." (5.22-5.24)
The old man leaves us wondering who are the "they" that beat him – the sharks, or something more?
Quote 59
"I know how to care for them. In the night I spat something strange and felt something in my chest was broken." (5.44)
The old man is physically defeated by the end of the story, but his spirit is not broken, as he still dreams of the lions.
Quote 60
"But you went turtle-ing for years off the Mosquito Coast and your eyes are good."
"I am a strange old man." (1.46, 1.47)
The old man’s description of himself as "strange" identifies him as a unique character, different from others. Because he is so different from others, he is often alone.