Four Freedoms Speech: Main Idea

    Four Freedoms Speech: Main Idea

      Freedom Ain't Free

      The phrase "freedom is not free" appears in a lot of places. It's emblazoned in silver on one wall of the Korean War Veterans Memorial in Washington, and it's been a major part of popular rhetoric in post-9/11 politics. (We're guessing you've heard it thrown around at least a few times.)

      It can mean a lot of different things to a lot of different people, but it comes down to recognizing that sometimes the "f" word (that would be "freedom") is truly threatened in a very real way, and the cost of protecting it is sometimes extremely high.

      Though speaking many decades earlier, FDR is basically delivering this message. Yeah, the delivery is a lot less succinct…but the sentiment is the same.

      He explains that democratic freedoms are precious and shouldn't be taken for granted. Playing to the patriotic strength of the country, he indicates that the time has come to secure and defend those vulnerable freedoms. And that formidable—yet necessary—task is the duty of the very people who both live by those freedoms and make them possible: Americans themselves.

      Questions

      1. In what way does FDR call to the national pride of Americans? What kind of language does he use?
      2. FDR valued radio technology for its ability to reach Americans in their own homes. How might the impact of his "Four Freedoms" speech have been different if it were delivered only to Congress? What if it had been submitted only in writing, as State of the Union reports sometimes are?
      3. Do you think FDR adequately defines the term "democracy"? Why or why not? What effect does that have on your interpretation of his speech?
      4. FDR never directly names the Axis powers. What contextual clues tell us he's talking about the belligerent nations of Germany, Italy, and Japan?

      Chew On This

      With carefully chosen language and a strategic use of radio broadcasting technology, FDR successfully addressed Congress and the American public, convincing the country to righteously pursue its role as a world power and participate in World War II.

      FDR's 1941 State of the Union address is an elaborate speech that uses fear-mongering to scare the country into abandoning neutrality and entering World War II.

      Quotes

      Quote #1

      Let us say to the democracies: "We Americans are vitally concerned in your defense of freedom. We are putting forth our energies, our resources and our organizing powers to give you the strength to regain and maintain a free world. We shall send you, in ever-increasing numbers, ships, planes, tanks, guns. This is our purpose and our pledge." (92-95)

      Roosevelt is presenting the most cost-effective method for defending freedom. Recognizing America's reliance on other countries to keep the bad guys at bay, FDR weighed the pros and cons of maintaining neutrality versus becoming involved in the war.

      He decided that indirect involvement, in the form of weapons lending, was better than direct involvement—which would unavoidably lead to the loss of American lives. Framed as a suggestion, FDR is actually displaying his power as commander-in-chief. This statement is less of a proposal and more of an executive decision. It's a promise to U.S. allies that help is on the way.

      Quote #2

      The happiness of future generations of Americans may well depend upon how effective and how immediate we can make our aid felt. No one can tell the exact character of the emergency situations that we may be called upon to meet. The nation's hands must not be tied when the nation's life is in danger. (101-103)

      It wasn't far off, but the slap-chop of military weapons hadn't yet been completed, so prepping an entire country for war mode was a huge deal.

      It required the immense reorganization of industrial production plants, new job duties and skill sets, food and materials rationing, and a billion other things all focused on the war effort. Perhaps for motivation, FDR defines a prize worthy of the fight—the legacy of freedom. Though he puts the happiness of all future children on the line, he also places the continuation of that happiness in the hands of Americans: hands that have to be fast, free, and able to tackle whatever challenges might arise.

      This idea is connected to an earlier section about domestic efforts, when FDR says, "The need of the moment is that our actions and our policy should be devoted primarily—almost exclusively—to meeting this foreign peril. For all our domestic problems are now a part of the great emergency" (48-49).

      Quote #3

      We must all prepare to make the sacrifices that the emergency—almost as serious as war itself—demands. (104)

      Just one line after FDR entrusts the people with the entirety of future happiness, he introduces for the first time the notion of "sacrifice." True, this seems like the logical conclusion to what he's requesting/telling people to do, but he doesn't address it directly until two-thirds of the way through the speech.

      When he does, though, he leaves little room for interpretation. Only a few lines later, he makes the very plain statement that "a part of sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes" (133). There was probably an audible groan from sea to shining sea when he announced that.

      Quote #4

      In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms. (137)

      And those freedoms are? Freedom of speech and worship, and freedom from want and fear. This line introduces the most important part of FDR's address: the Four Freedoms. In doing so, he gives shape to the bright future he's been talking about the entire time. He also provides an answer to the rhetorical question "what are we fighting for?"

      Quote #5

      This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women; and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights or keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose. To that high concept there can be no end save victory. (149-153)

      In the final paragraph, FDR provides a tight summary. In a long speech, sometimes the main points can become lost or forgotten in the flow of information. In case you find yourself needing a bit of a reminder, hop down to this last part.

      The breakdown is as follows: 1) the future is in the hands of America's Americans; 2) the goal is to achieve complete equality and the best human rights everywhere in the world; 3) as a world power, the United States will provide "support," i.e. war materials, to other democracies in need; 4) it's "all for one and one for all"; 5) America's goals are based on high morals, and therefore victory is necessary and inevitable.