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| Intro | In-Depth | Did You Know? | Best of the Web | ||||||
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In a Nutshell
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Big Picture Analysis
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Brain Snacks
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| Timeline | People | ||||||||
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Timeline of Key Events
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Important People
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FDR's New Deal TimelineHow It All Went Down
July 1, 1932
FDR Pledges New DealFranklin D. Roosevelt wins the Democratic Party's nomination for the presidency, prevailing on the fourth ballot at the Democratic Convention in Chicago. In a break with precedent, Roosevelt travels to Chicago to accept the nomination in person. "I pledge you, I pledge myself," Roosevelt declares, "to a new deal for the American people."November 8, 1932
Roosevelt ElectedFranklin D. Roosevelt defeats Herbert Hoover in a landslide to win the presidency. Hoover wins only six states as FDR steamrolls to victory with more than 57% of the popular vote and 89% of the electoral vote.March 4, 1933
“Only Thing to Fear is Fear Itself”Franklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated as President of the United States. In his inaugural address, Roosevelt famously declares that "the only thing to fear is fear itself."March 9, 1933
Bank StabilizationFranklin D. Roosevelt calls Congress into special session, sending up as his first piece of proposed legislation a bill to stabilize the country's failing banking system. Congress passes the bill that very day.March 11, 1933
Economy BillCongress passes Franklin D. Roosevelt's economy bill, slashing government spending by cutting $500 million in scheduled payments to veterans and federal employees.March 12, 1933
First Fireside ChatFranklin D. Roosevelt conducts his first "Fireside Chat," going on the radio to communicate directly with the American people. Roosevelt reassures the country that its banks are now safe for business.March 13, 1933
Confidence in Banks RestoredFranklin D. Roosevelt lifts the nationwide bank holiday he imposed one week earlier. Customers, buoyed by FDR's confidence in the banking system, deposit more money than they withdraw, ending the country's banking crisis.March 22, 1933
Prohibition EndsAt Franklin D. Roosevelt's request, Congress ends Prohibition, legalizing the sale of beer with an alcohol content of up to 3.2%. While a few old-line "dry" Senators attempt to filibuster the bill, House members invade the Senate chamber, chanting "Vote! Vote! We want beer!"March 31, 1933
Civilian Conservation CorpsCongress creates the Civilian Conservation Corps, which will put 250,000 young unemployed men to work in reforestation and development of the National Parks and Forests.April 19, 1933
Gold Standard EndsThe United States goes off the gold standard, allowing inflationary forces to begin to lift the economy.May 12, 1933
Federal Emergency Relief ActCongress passes the Federal Emergency Relief Act, distributing hundreds of millions of dollars to the states for dispersal to the one-fourth of the national workforce unable to obtain jobs.May 12, 1933
Agricultural Adjustment ActFranklin D. Roosevelt signs into law the Agricultural Adjustment Act, which seeks to alleviate rural misery by reducing farm output and raising prices.May 18, 1933
Tennessee Valley AuthorityCongress creates the Tennessee Valley Authority to build dams and provide cheap public power, irrigation, and fertilizer while promoting economic development in the impoverished Tennessee River Valley.May 27, 1933
Federal Securities ActCongress passes the Federal Securities Act, for the first time committing the federal government to the regulation of Wall Street.June 16, 1933
National Industrial Recovery ActCongress passes the National Industrial Recovery Act, the signature piece of legislation of the First New Deal, which Roosevelt hopes will lift the industrial economy out of Depression.June 16, 1933
Banking Act of 1933Congress passes the Banking Act of 1933, which establishes the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, which virtually ends bank failures in America.June 16, 1933
Hundred Days Congress AdjournsThe Hundred Days Congress adjourns from its special session, having passed all fifteen bills requested by President Roosevelt.December 5, 1933
Twenty-First AmendmentThe Twenty-First Amendment takes full effect, ending Prohibition not only on beer and wine—legalized in March—but also on hard liquor.June 19, 1934
National Labor Relations Board CreatedThe National Labor Relations Board is created to hear cases arising from the labor guarantees included in the National Industrial Recovery Act.June 28, 1934
Federal Housing Administration CreatedCongress creates the Federal Housing Administration to insure loans for construction and repairs of homes.April 8, 1935
Emergency Relief Appropriations ActCongress passes the Emergency Relief Appropriations Act, which allocates $5 billion for work relief projects administered through the new Works Progress Administration, which will ultimately employ more than eight million Americans.May 11, 1935
Rural Electrification Administration EstablishedFranklin D. Roosevelt establishes the Rural Electrification Administration to extend power to the vast majority of American farms that still lack electricity.May 27, 1935
National Industrial Recovery Act Ruled UnconstitutionalIn Schechter v. United States, the Supreme Court rules that the National Industrial Recovery Act—the centerpiece of the First New Deal—is unconstitutional.July 5, 1935
Collective Bargaining EstablishedFranklin D. Roosevelt signs the Wagner National Labor Relations Act, which re-establishes the right to collective bargaining that had been thrown out by the Supreme Court along with the rest of the NRA in the Shechter decision.August 14, 1935
Social Security ActFranklin D. Roosevelt signs the Social Security Act, the signature piece of legislation of the entire New Deal era, which permanently changes the relationship between the American people, their government, and the free market.August 30, 1935
Wealth TaxCongress passes Franklin D. Roosevelt's "wealth tax," a largely symbolic measure that raises the top tax rate to 79%. Still, more than 95% of American families pay no income tax at all.January 6, 1936
Agricultural Act Ruled UnconstitutionalIn United States v. Butler, the Supreme Court rules that the Agricultural Adjustment Act is unconstitutional.November 3, 1936
Roosevelt Re-ElectedFranklin D. Roosevelt is elected to a second term as president, winning in a landslide over Republican Alf Landon. Roosevelt wins every state but Maine and Vermont.January 20, 1937
Roosevelt Inaugurated to Second TermFranklin D. Roosevelt is inaugurated into his second term in the White House, promising further reform to improve conditions for "one third of a nation ill-housed, ill-clad, ill-nourished."February 5, 1937
Court PackingFrustrated with the Supreme Court's rejection of much of his program, Franklin D. Roosevelt proposes new legislation allowing him to expand the court to fifteen members, which would allow him to install as many as six friendly justices to overrule the existing conservative majority.March 27, 1937
West Coast Hotel v. ParrishIn West Coast Hotel v. Parrish, the Supreme Court upholds a Washington state minimum-wage law. Conservative justice Owen Roberts, who previously sided with the anti-New Deal bloc on the court, votes with the majority, creating a new pro-New Deal majority and ensuring that government interventions into the economy will no longer be overturned as unconstitutional.April 12, 1937
Supreme Court Upholds National Labor Relations ActThe Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of the National Labor Relations Act.May 24, 1937
Supreme Court Upholds Social Security ActThe Supreme Court upholds the constitutionality of the Social Security Act. |
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