Narrative Theory Texts - "Rikki-Tikki-Tavi" by Rudyard Kipling (1894)

Taken from Kipling's Jungle Books, this is the story of a lively mongoose who, during a flood, is washed out from his burrow and ends up in a ditch. He's then rescued by a human family and settles into his new home.

The peril isn't over, though: a bird tells Rikki about a couple of cobras who are out for blood, and sure enough, Rikki gets into a tussle with the deadly duo. Luckily, he manages to escape. When word gets out that the cobras are planning their next attack, Rikki is determined to make sure that it's their last. His bravery and skill win out in the end, and with the enemy defeated, everyone can rest easy once again.

Think for a moment about the difference between narrative voice and focalization: we know that this story is told by a third-person narrator, but whose perspective are we getting? Do we just see through the narrator's eyes, or does the narrator give us access to the feelings and thoughts of any of the characters?

Some of the main characters in this story are animals, but do you feel that they are humanized in any way? Can we fit them into the sorts of roles that we usually find in a classic "hero's journey" narrative?