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Power is not an obvious force in Childhood's End. Reaching a certain power level—like, say, 9,000—won't let you fly, punch through walls, or develop the ability to shoot fireballs from your hands. Instead, power is a subtle thing, something you have to really look for to see.
Karellen holds power over humanity, but it's not his spaceship or a giant death laser that gives him that power—it's his ability to psychologically manipulate the people of earth. Likewise, artistic endeavors have a power the Overlords can never dream of, but artsy power can never be defined in terms like kilowatts or magnitudes or blast radius. In fact, the power of art might never be defined at all, but that doesn't mean it isn't a very powerful force. After all, humanity joins the Overmind and the Overlords do not.
Karellen is actually completely powerless.
Jan is able to counter Karellen's authority by using the same types of power as the Overlord: power and science.