Quote 1
"Charity is one thing, and truth is another," rejoined he with the wooden leg: "he's a rascal, I say."
"But why not, friend, put as charitable a construction as one can upon the poor fellow?" said the soldierlike Methodist, with increased difficulty maintaining a pacific demeanor towards one whose own asperity seemed so little to entitle him to it: "he looks honest, don't he?"
"Looks are one thing, and facts are another," snapped out the other perversely; "and as to your constructions, what construction can you put upon a rascal, but that a rascal he is?" (3, 33-35)
Looks like the man with the wooden leg doesn't put much stock in looks. (Has he been chatting with the barber?) He's been using that suspicion to conveniently excuse himself from having to be charitable. If he can't trust people, he figures, then he doesn't have love them.
Quote 2
"You fools!" cried he with the wooden leg, writhing himself loose and inflamedly turning upon the throng; "you flock of fools, under this captain of fools, in this ship of fools!" (3, 50)
Don't have to knock us over the head with it, man. The dude with the wooden leg is not happy that people are not on his side against Guinea. More than just an extended insult though, these lines are a nod to Sebastian Brant's Ship of Fools, an idea Plato came up with that gets picked up later by thinkers like Michel Foucault. Main message: the world itself is sort of a ship of fools—and ships of fools are usually headed toward a bad end.