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SAT is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

ACT is a federally registered trademark of ACT, Inc. Shmoop University is not affiliated with or endorsed by ACT, Inc.

AP is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

PSAT/NMSQT is a registered trademark of the College Board and National Merit Scholarship Corporation, which were not involved in the production of, and do not endorse, this product.

ACT EXPLORE is a registered trademark of ACT, Inc. Shmoop University is not affiliated with or endorsed by ACT, Inc.

ACT PLAN is a registered trademark of ACT, Inc. Shmoop University is not affiliated with or endorsed by ACT, Inc.

SAT Subject Tests are an owned trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

PRAXIS is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS). This product is not endorsed or approved by ETS.

CSET is a trademark of the Commission on Teacher Credentialing and Pearson Education, Inc. or its affiliate(s), which were not involved in the production of, and do not endorse, this product.

ACCUPLACER is a registered trademark of the College Board, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

ACT COMPASS is a registered trademark of ACT, Inc. Shmoop University is not affiliated with or endorsed by ACT, Inc.

GED is a registered trademark of the American Council on Education (ACE) and administered exclusively by GED Testing Service LLC under license. This material is not endorsed or approved by ACE or GED Testing Service.

ISEE is a registered trademark of the Educational Records Bureau, which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

PARCC is a trademark of PARCC, Inc. These products are not endorsed by nor affiliated with PARCC.

Smarter Balanced is a trademark of the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium (SBAC).

SSAT is a registered trademark of the Secondary School Admission Test Board, Inc., which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.

Series is a registered trademark of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., which was not involved in the production of, and does not endorse, this product.